deceptive cadence explained
A cadence in which the dominant chord resolves to an unexpected chord instead of the tonic, typically V–vi
In Depth
The deceptive cadence sets up the expectation of a resolution to the tonic but swerves to another chord, most commonly the submediant (vi in major, VI in minor). The bass often still moves as expected, but the upper voices land on different notes. The effect ranges from gentle surprise to dramatic plot twist, depending on context. Composers use deceptive cadences to extend phrases, delay resolution, and create emotional suspense. They are a fundamental tool of musical rhetoric.
The deceptive cadence at the climax of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony's first movement is one of the most dramatic in the orchestral repertoire.